abstract_mem.cc

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 * Copyright (c) 2010-2012,2017-2019 ARM Limited
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 *
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 * not be construed as granting a license to any other intellectual
 * property including but not limited to intellectual property relating
 * to a hardware implementation of the functionality of the software
 * licensed hereunder.  You may use the software subject to the license
 * terms below provided that you ensure that this notice is replicated
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 *
 * Copyright (c) 2001-2005 The Regents of The University of Michigan
 * All rights reserved.
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 * met: redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer;
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 * this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
 * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
 * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
 * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
 * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
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 * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 * Authors: Ron Dreslinski
 *          Ali Saidi
 *          Andreas Hansson
 */

#include "mem/abstract_mem.hh"

#include <vector>

#include "arch/locked_mem.hh"
#include "cpu/base.hh"
#include "cpu/thread_context.hh"
#include "debug/LLSC.hh"
#include "debug/MemoryAccess.hh"
#include "mem/packet_access.hh"
#include "sim/system.hh"

using namespace std;

AbstractMemory::AbstractMemory(const Params *p) :
    ClockedObject(p), range(params()->range), pmemAddr(NULL),
    backdoor(params()->range, nullptr,
             (MemBackdoor::Flags)(MemBackdoor::Readable |
                                  MemBackdoor::Writeable)),
    confTableReported(p->conf_table_reported), inAddrMap(p->in_addr_map),
    kvmMap(p->kvm_map), _system(NULL),
    stats(*this)
{
}

void
AbstractMemory::init()
{
    assert(system());

    if (size() % _system->getPageBytes() != 0)
        panic("Memory Size not divisible by page size\n");
}

void
AbstractMemory::setBackingStore(uint8_t* pmem_addr)
{
    // If there was an existing backdoor, let everybody know it's going away.
    if (backdoor.ptr())
        backdoor.invalidate();

    // The back door can't handle interleaved memory.
    backdoor.ptr(range.interleaved() ? nullptr : pmem_addr);

    pmemAddr = pmem_addr;
}

AbstractMemory::MemStats::MemStats(AbstractMemory &_mem)
    : Stats::Group(&_mem), mem(_mem),
    bytesRead(this, "bytes_read",
              "Number of bytes read from this memory"),
    bytesInstRead(this, "bytes_inst_read",
                  "Number of instructions bytes read from this memory"),
    bytesWritten(this, "bytes_written",
                 "Number of bytes written to this memory"),
    numReads(this, "num_reads",
             "Number of read requests responded to by this memory"),
    numWrites(this, "num_writes",
              "Number of write requests responded to by this memory"),
    numOther(this, "num_other",
             "Number of other requests responded to by this memory"),
    bwRead(this, "bw_read",
           "Total read bandwidth from this memory (bytes/s)"),
    bwInstRead(this, "bw_inst_read",
               "Instruction read bandwidth from this memory (bytes/s)"),
    bwWrite(this, "bw_write",
            "Write bandwidth from this memory (bytes/s)"),
    bwTotal(this, "bw_total",
            "Total bandwidth to/from this memory (bytes/s)")
{
}

void
AbstractMemory::MemStats::regStats()
{
    using namespace Stats;

    Stats::Group::regStats();

    System *sys = mem.system();
    assert(sys);
    const auto max_masters = sys->maxMasters();

    bytesRead
        .init(max_masters)
        .flags(total | nozero | nonan)
        ;
    for (int i = 0; i < max_masters; i++) {
        bytesRead.subname(i, sys->getMasterName(i));
    }

    bytesInstRead
        .init(max_masters)
        .flags(total | nozero | nonan)
        ;
    for (int i = 0; i < max_masters; i++) {
        bytesInstRead.subname(i, sys->getMasterName(i));
    }

    bytesWritten
        .init(max_masters)
        .flags(total | nozero | nonan)
        ;
    for (int i = 0; i < max_masters; i++) {
        bytesWritten.subname(i, sys->getMasterName(i));
    }

    numReads
        .init(max_masters)
        .flags(total | nozero | nonan)
        ;
    for (int i = 0; i < max_masters; i++) {
        numReads.subname(i, sys->getMasterName(i));
    }

    numWrites
        .init(max_masters)
        .flags(total | nozero | nonan)
        ;
    for (int i = 0; i < max_masters; i++) {
        numWrites.subname(i, sys->getMasterName(i));
    }

    numOther
        .init(max_masters)
        .flags(total | nozero | nonan)
        ;
    for (int i = 0; i < max_masters; i++) {
        numOther.subname(i, sys->getMasterName(i));
    }

    bwRead
        .precision(0)
        .prereq(bytesRead)
        .flags(total | nozero | nonan)
        ;
    for (int i = 0; i < max_masters; i++) {
        bwRead.subname(i, sys->getMasterName(i));
    }

    bwInstRead
        .precision(0)
        .prereq(bytesInstRead)
        .flags(total | nozero | nonan)
        ;
    for (int i = 0; i < max_masters; i++) {
        bwInstRead.subname(i, sys->getMasterName(i));
    }

    bwWrite
        .precision(0)
        .prereq(bytesWritten)
        .flags(total | nozero | nonan)
        ;
    for (int i = 0; i < max_masters; i++) {
        bwWrite.subname(i, sys->getMasterName(i));
    }

    bwTotal
        .precision(0)
        .prereq(bwTotal)
        .flags(total | nozero | nonan)
        ;
    for (int i = 0; i < max_masters; i++) {
        bwTotal.subname(i, sys->getMasterName(i));
    }

    bwRead = bytesRead / simSeconds;
    bwInstRead = bytesInstRead / simSeconds;
    bwWrite = bytesWritten / simSeconds;
    bwTotal = (bytesRead + bytesWritten) / simSeconds;
}

AddrRange
AbstractMemory::getAddrRange() const
{
    return range;
}

// Add load-locked to tracking list.  Should only be called if the
// operation is a load and the LLSC flag is set.
void
AbstractMemory::trackLoadLocked(PacketPtr pkt)
{
    const RequestPtr &req = pkt->req;
    Addr paddr = LockedAddr::mask(req->getPaddr());

    // first we check if we already have a locked addr for this
    // xc.  Since each xc only gets one, we just update the
    // existing record with the new address.
    list<LockedAddr>::iterator i;

    for (i = lockedAddrList.begin(); i != lockedAddrList.end(); ++i) {
        if (i->matchesContext(req)) {
            DPRINTF(LLSC, "Modifying lock record: context %d addr %#x\n",
                    req->contextId(), paddr);
            i->addr = paddr;
            return;
        }
    }

    // no record for this xc: need to allocate a new one
    DPRINTF(LLSC, "Adding lock record: context %d addr %#x\n",
            req->contextId(), paddr);
    lockedAddrList.push_front(LockedAddr(req));
}


// Called on *writes* only... both regular stores and
// store-conditional operations.  Check for conventional stores which
// conflict with locked addresses, and for success/failure of store
// conditionals.
bool
AbstractMemory::checkLockedAddrList(PacketPtr pkt)
{
    const RequestPtr &req = pkt->req;
    Addr paddr = LockedAddr::mask(req->getPaddr());
    bool isLLSC = pkt->isLLSC();

    // Initialize return value.  Non-conditional stores always
    // succeed.  Assume conditional stores will fail until proven
    // otherwise.
    bool allowStore = !isLLSC;

    // Iterate over list.  Note that there could be multiple matching records,
    // as more than one context could have done a load locked to this location.
    // Only remove records when we succeed in finding a record for (xc, addr);
    // then, remove all records with this address.  Failed store-conditionals do
    // not blow unrelated reservations.
    list<LockedAddr>::iterator i = lockedAddrList.begin();

    if (isLLSC) {
        while (i != lockedAddrList.end()) {
            if (i->addr == paddr && i->matchesContext(req)) {
                // it's a store conditional, and as far as the memory system can
                // tell, the requesting context's lock is still valid.
                DPRINTF(LLSC, "StCond success: context %d addr %#x\n",
                        req->contextId(), paddr);
                allowStore = true;
                break;
            }
            // If we didn't find a match, keep searching!  Someone else may well
            // have a reservation on this line here but we may find ours in just
            // a little while.
            i++;
        }
        req->setExtraData(allowStore ? 1 : 0);
    }
    // LLSCs that succeeded AND non-LLSC stores both fall into here:
    if (allowStore) {
        // We write address paddr.  However, there may be several entries with a
        // reservation on this address (for other contextIds) and they must all
        // be removed.
        i = lockedAddrList.begin();
        while (i != lockedAddrList.end()) {
            if (i->addr == paddr) {
                DPRINTF(LLSC, "Erasing lock record: context %d addr %#x\n",
                        i->contextId, paddr);
                ContextID owner_cid = i->contextId;
                assert(owner_cid != InvalidContextID);
                ContextID requester_cid = req->hasContextId() ?
                                           req->contextId() :
                                           InvalidContextID;
                if (owner_cid != requester_cid) {
                    ThreadContext* ctx = system()->getThreadContext(owner_cid);
                    TheISA::globalClearExclusive(ctx);
                }
                i = lockedAddrList.erase(i);
            } else {
                i++;
            }
        }
    }

    return allowStore;
}

#if TRACING_ON
static inline void
tracePacket(System *sys, const char *label, PacketPtr pkt)
{
    int size = pkt->getSize();
#if THE_ISA != NULL_ISA
    if (size == 1 || size == 2 || size == 4 || size == 8) {
        DPRINTF(MemoryAccess,"%s from %s of size %i on address %#x data "
                "%#x %c\n", label, sys->getMasterName(pkt->req->masterId()),
                size, pkt->getAddr(), pkt->getUintX(TheISA::GuestByteOrder),
                pkt->req->isUncacheable() ? 'U' : 'C');
        return;
    }
#endif
    DPRINTF(MemoryAccess, "%s from %s of size %i on address %#x %c\n",
            label, sys->getMasterName(pkt->req->masterId()),
            size, pkt->getAddr(), pkt->req->isUncacheable() ? 'U' : 'C');
    DDUMP(MemoryAccess, pkt->getConstPtr<uint8_t>(), pkt->getSize());
}

#   define TRACE_PACKET(A) tracePacket(system(), A, pkt)
#else
#   define TRACE_PACKET(A)
#endif

void
AbstractMemory::access(PacketPtr pkt)
{
    if (pkt->cacheResponding()) {
        DPRINTF(MemoryAccess, "Cache responding to %#llx: not responding\n",
                pkt->getAddr());
        return;
    }

    if (pkt->cmd == MemCmd::CleanEvict || pkt->cmd == MemCmd::WritebackClean) {
        DPRINTF(MemoryAccess, "CleanEvict  on 0x%x: not responding\n",
                pkt->getAddr());
      return;
    }

    assert(pkt->getAddrRange().isSubset(range));

    uint8_t *host_addr = toHostAddr(pkt->getAddr());

    if (pkt->cmd == MemCmd::SwapReq) {
        if (pkt->isAtomicOp()) {
            if (pmemAddr) {
                pkt->setData(host_addr);
                (*(pkt->getAtomicOp()))(host_addr);
            }
        } else {
            std::vector<uint8_t> overwrite_val(pkt->getSize());
            uint64_t condition_val64;
            uint32_t condition_val32;

            panic_if(!pmemAddr, "Swap only works if there is real memory " \
                     "(i.e. null=False)");

            bool overwrite_mem = true;
            // keep a copy of our possible write value, and copy what is at the
            // memory address into the packet
            pkt->writeData(&overwrite_val[0]);
            pkt->setData(host_addr);

            if (pkt->req->isCondSwap()) {
                if (pkt->getSize() == sizeof(uint64_t)) {
                    condition_val64 = pkt->req->getExtraData();
                    overwrite_mem = !std::memcmp(&condition_val64, host_addr,
                                                 sizeof(uint64_t));
                } else if (pkt->getSize() == sizeof(uint32_t)) {
                    condition_val32 = (uint32_t)pkt->req->getExtraData();
                    overwrite_mem = !std::memcmp(&condition_val32, host_addr,
                                                 sizeof(uint32_t));
                } else
                    panic("Invalid size for conditional read/write\n");
            }

            if (overwrite_mem)
                std::memcpy(host_addr, &overwrite_val[0], pkt->getSize());

            assert(!pkt->req->isInstFetch());
            TRACE_PACKET("Read/Write");
            stats.numOther[pkt->req->masterId()]++;
        }
    } else if (pkt->isRead()) {
        assert(!pkt->isWrite());
        if (pkt->isLLSC()) {
            assert(!pkt->fromCache());
            // if the packet is not coming from a cache then we have
            // to do the LL/SC tracking here
            trackLoadLocked(pkt);
        }
        if (pmemAddr) {
            pkt->setData(host_addr);
        }
        TRACE_PACKET(pkt->req->isInstFetch() ? "IFetch" : "Read");
        stats.numReads[pkt->req->masterId()]++;
        stats.bytesRead[pkt->req->masterId()] += pkt->getSize();
        if (pkt->req->isInstFetch())
            stats.bytesInstRead[pkt->req->masterId()] += pkt->getSize();
    } else if (pkt->isInvalidate() || pkt->isClean()) {
        assert(!pkt->isWrite());
        // in a fastmem system invalidating and/or cleaning packets
        // can be seen due to cache maintenance requests

        // no need to do anything
    } else if (pkt->isWrite()) {
        if (writeOK(pkt)) {
            if (pmemAddr) {
                pkt->writeData(host_addr);
                DPRINTF(MemoryAccess, "%s write due to %s\n",
                        __func__, pkt->print());
            }
            assert(!pkt->req->isInstFetch());
            TRACE_PACKET("Write");
            stats.numWrites[pkt->req->masterId()]++;
            stats.bytesWritten[pkt->req->masterId()] += pkt->getSize();
        }
    } else {
        panic("Unexpected packet %s", pkt->print());
    }

    if (pkt->needsResponse()) {
        pkt->makeResponse();
    }
}

void
AbstractMemory::functionalAccess(PacketPtr pkt)
{
    assert(pkt->getAddrRange().isSubset(range));

    uint8_t *host_addr = toHostAddr(pkt->getAddr());

    if (pkt->isRead()) {
        if (pmemAddr) {
            pkt->setData(host_addr);
        }
        TRACE_PACKET("Read");
        pkt->makeResponse();
    } else if (pkt->isWrite()) {
        if (pmemAddr) {
            pkt->writeData(host_addr);
        }
        TRACE_PACKET("Write");
        pkt->makeResponse();
    } else if (pkt->isPrint()) {
        Packet::PrintReqState *prs =
            dynamic_cast<Packet::PrintReqState*>(pkt->senderState);
        assert(prs);
        // Need to call printLabels() explicitly since we're not going
        // through printObj().
        prs->printLabels();
        // Right now we just print the single byte at the specified address.
        ccprintf(prs->os, "%s%#x\n", prs->curPrefix(), *host_addr);
    } else {
        panic("AbstractMemory: unimplemented functional command %s",
              pkt->cmdString());
    }
}