tlb.cc

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/*
 * Copyright (c) 2001-2005 The Regents of The University of Michigan
 * Copyright (c) 2007 MIPS Technologies, Inc.
 * Copyright (c) 2020 Barkhausen Institut
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
 * met: redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer;
 * redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution;
 * neither the name of the copyright holders nor the names of its
 * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
 * this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
 * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
 * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
 * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
 * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#include "arch/riscv/tlb.hh"

#include <string>
#include <vector>

#include "arch/riscv/faults.hh"
#include "arch/riscv/fs_workload.hh"
#include "arch/riscv/pagetable.hh"
#include "arch/riscv/pagetable_walker.hh"
#include "arch/riscv/pra_constants.hh"
#include "arch/riscv/utility.hh"
#include "base/inifile.hh"
#include "base/str.hh"
#include "base/trace.hh"
#include "cpu/thread_context.hh"
#include "debug/TLB.hh"
#include "debug/TLBVerbose.hh"
#include "mem/page_table.hh"
#include "params/RiscvTLB.hh"
#include "sim/full_system.hh"
#include "sim/process.hh"
#include "sim/system.hh"

using namespace std;
using namespace RiscvISA;

//
//  RISC-V TLB
//

static Addr
buildKey(Addr vpn, uint16_t asid)
{
    return (static_cast<Addr>(asid) << 48) | vpn;
}

TLB::TLB(const Params *p)
    : BaseTLB(p), size(p->size), tlb(size), lruSeq(0)
{
    for (size_t x = 0; x < size; x++) {
        tlb[x].trieHandle = NULL;
        freeList.push_back(&tlb[x]);
    }

    walker = p->walker;
    walker->setTLB(this);
}

Walker *
TLB::getWalker()
{
    return walker;
}

void
TLB::evictLRU()
{
    // Find the entry with the lowest (and hence least recently updated)
    // sequence number.

    size_t lru = 0;
    for (size_t i = 1; i < size; i++) {
        if (tlb[i].lruSeq < tlb[lru].lruSeq)
            lru = i;
    }

    remove(lru);
}

TlbEntry *
TLB::lookup(Addr vpn, uint16_t asid, Mode mode, bool hidden)
{
    TlbEntry *entry = trie.lookup(buildKey(vpn, asid));

    if (!hidden) {
        if (entry)
            entry->lruSeq = nextSeq();

        if (mode == Write)
            write_accesses++;
        else
            read_accesses++;

        if (!entry) {
            if (mode == Write)
                write_misses++;
            else
                read_misses++;
        }
        else {
            if (mode == Write)
                write_hits++;
            else
                read_hits++;
        }

        DPRINTF(TLBVerbose, "lookup(vpn=%#x, asid=%#x): %s ppn %#x\n",
                vpn, asid, entry ? "hit" : "miss", entry ? entry->paddr : 0);
    }

    return entry;
}

TlbEntry *
TLB::insert(Addr vpn, const TlbEntry &entry)
{
    DPRINTF(TLB, "insert(vpn=%#x, asid=%#x): ppn=%#x pte=%#x size=%#x\n",
        vpn, entry.asid, entry.paddr, entry.pte, entry.size());

    // If somebody beat us to it, just use that existing entry.
    TlbEntry *newEntry = lookup(vpn, entry.asid, Mode::Read, true);
    if (newEntry) {
        // update PTE flags (maybe we set the dirty/writable flag)
        newEntry->pte = entry.pte;
        assert(newEntry->vaddr == vpn);
        return newEntry;
    }

    if (freeList.empty())
        evictLRU();

    newEntry = freeList.front();
    freeList.pop_front();

    Addr key = buildKey(vpn, entry.asid);
    *newEntry = entry;
    newEntry->lruSeq = nextSeq();
    newEntry->vaddr = vpn;
    newEntry->trieHandle =
    trie.insert(key, TlbEntryTrie::MaxBits - entry.logBytes, newEntry);
    return newEntry;
}

void
TLB::demapPage(Addr vpn, uint64_t asid)
{
    asid &= 0xFFFF;

    if (vpn == 0 && asid == 0)
        flushAll();
    else {
        DPRINTF(TLB, "flush(vpn=%#x, asid=%#x)\n", vpn, asid);
        if (vpn != 0 && asid != 0) {
            TlbEntry *newEntry = lookup(vpn, asid, Mode::Read, true);
            if (newEntry)
                remove(newEntry - tlb.data());
        }
        else {
            for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
                if (tlb[i].trieHandle) {
                    Addr mask = ~(tlb[i].size() - 1);
                    if ((vpn == 0 || (vpn & mask) == tlb[i].vaddr) &&
                        (asid == 0 || tlb[i].asid == asid))
                        remove(i);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

void
TLB::flushAll()
{
    DPRINTF(TLB, "flushAll()\n");
    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
        if (tlb[i].trieHandle)
            remove(i);
    }
}

void
TLB::remove(size_t idx)
{
    DPRINTF(TLB, "remove(vpn=%#x, asid=%#x): ppn=%#x pte=%#x size=%#x\n",
        tlb[idx].vaddr, tlb[idx].asid, tlb[idx].paddr, tlb[idx].pte,
        tlb[idx].size());

    assert(tlb[idx].trieHandle);
    trie.remove(tlb[idx].trieHandle);
    tlb[idx].trieHandle = NULL;
    freeList.push_back(&tlb[idx]);
}

Fault
TLB::checkPermissions(STATUS status, PrivilegeMode pmode, Addr vaddr,
                      Mode mode, PTESv39 pte)
{
    Fault fault = NoFault;

    if (mode == TLB::Read && !pte.r) {
        DPRINTF(TLB, "PTE has no read perm, raising PF\n");
        fault = createPagefault(vaddr, mode);
    }
    else if (mode == TLB::Write && !pte.w) {
        DPRINTF(TLB, "PTE has no write perm, raising PF\n");
        fault = createPagefault(vaddr, mode);
    }
    else if (mode == TLB::Execute && !pte.x) {
        DPRINTF(TLB, "PTE has no exec perm, raising PF\n");
        fault = createPagefault(vaddr, mode);
    }

    if (fault == NoFault) {
        // check pte.u
        if (pmode == PrivilegeMode::PRV_U && !pte.u) {
            DPRINTF(TLB, "PTE is not user accessible, raising PF\n");
            fault = createPagefault(vaddr, mode);
        }
        else if (pmode == PrivilegeMode::PRV_S && pte.u && status.sum == 0) {
            DPRINTF(TLB, "PTE is only user accessible, raising PF\n");
            fault = createPagefault(vaddr, mode);
        }
    }

    return fault;
}

Fault
TLB::createPagefault(Addr vaddr, Mode mode)
{
    ExceptionCode code;
    if (mode == TLB::Read)
        code = ExceptionCode::LOAD_PAGE;
    else if (mode == TLB::Write)
        code = ExceptionCode::STORE_PAGE;
    else
        code = ExceptionCode::INST_PAGE;
    return std::make_shared<AddressFault>(vaddr, code);
}

Addr
TLB::translateWithTLB(Addr vaddr, uint16_t asid, Mode mode)
{
    TlbEntry *e = lookup(vaddr, asid, mode, false);
    assert(e != nullptr);
    return e->paddr << PageShift | (vaddr & mask(e->logBytes));
}

Fault
TLB::doTranslate(const RequestPtr &req, ThreadContext *tc,
                 Translation *translation, Mode mode, bool &delayed)
{
    delayed = false;

    Addr vaddr = req->getVaddr() & ((static_cast<Addr>(1) << VADDR_BITS) - 1);
    SATP satp = tc->readMiscReg(MISCREG_SATP);

    TlbEntry *e = lookup(vaddr, satp.asid, mode, false);
    if (!e) {
        Fault fault = walker->start(tc, translation, req, mode);
        if (translation != nullptr || fault != NoFault) {
            // This gets ignored in atomic mode.
            delayed = true;
            return fault;
        }
        e = lookup(vaddr, satp.asid, mode, false);
        assert(e != nullptr);
    }

    STATUS status = tc->readMiscReg(MISCREG_STATUS);
    PrivilegeMode pmode = getMemPriv(tc, mode);
    Fault fault = checkPermissions(status, pmode, vaddr, mode, e->pte);
    if (fault != NoFault) {
        // if we want to write and it isn't writable, do a page table walk
        // again to update the dirty flag.
        if (mode == TLB::Write && !e->pte.w) {
            DPRINTF(TLB, "Dirty bit not set, repeating PT walk\n");
            fault = walker->start(tc, translation, req, mode);
            if (translation != nullptr || fault != NoFault) {
                delayed = true;
                return fault;
            }
        }
        if (fault != NoFault)
            return fault;
    }

    Addr paddr = e->paddr << PageShift | (vaddr & mask(e->logBytes));
    DPRINTF(TLBVerbose, "translate(vpn=%#x, asid=%#x): %#x\n",
            vaddr, satp.asid, paddr);
    req->setPaddr(paddr);

    return NoFault;
}

PrivilegeMode
TLB::getMemPriv(ThreadContext *tc, Mode mode)
{
    STATUS status = (STATUS)tc->readMiscReg(MISCREG_STATUS);
    PrivilegeMode pmode = (PrivilegeMode)tc->readMiscReg(MISCREG_PRV);
    if (mode != Mode::Execute && status.mprv == 1)
        pmode = (PrivilegeMode)(RegVal)status.mpp;
    return pmode;
}

Fault
TLB::translate(const RequestPtr &req, ThreadContext *tc,
               Translation *translation, Mode mode, bool &delayed)
{
    delayed = false;

    if (FullSystem) {
        PrivilegeMode pmode = getMemPriv(tc, mode);
        SATP satp = tc->readMiscReg(MISCREG_SATP);
        if (pmode == PrivilegeMode::PRV_M || satp.mode == AddrXlateMode::BARE)
            req->setFlags(Request::PHYSICAL);

        Fault fault;
        if (req->getFlags() & Request::PHYSICAL) {
            req->setPaddr(req->getVaddr());
            fault = NoFault;
        } else {
            fault = doTranslate(req, tc, translation, mode, delayed);
        }

        // according to the RISC-V tests, negative physical addresses trigger
        // an illegal address exception.
        // TODO where is that written in the manual?
        if (!delayed && fault == NoFault && bits(req->getPaddr(), 63)) {
            ExceptionCode code;
            if (mode == TLB::Read)
                code = ExceptionCode::LOAD_ACCESS;
            else if (mode == TLB::Write)
                code = ExceptionCode::STORE_ACCESS;
            else
                code = ExceptionCode::INST_ACCESS;
            fault = make_shared<AddressFault>(req->getVaddr(), code);
        }

        return fault;
    } else {
        // In the O3 CPU model, sometimes a memory access will be speculatively
        // executed along a branch that will end up not being taken where the
        // address is invalid.  In that case, return a fault rather than trying
        // to translate it (which will cause a panic).  Since RISC-V allows
        // unaligned memory accesses, this should only happen if the request's
        // length is long enough to wrap around from the end of the memory to
        // the start.
        assert(req->getSize() > 0);
        if (req->getVaddr() + req->getSize() - 1 < req->getVaddr())
            return make_shared<GenericPageTableFault>(req->getVaddr());

        Process * p = tc->getProcessPtr();

        Fault fault = p->pTable->translate(req);
        if (fault != NoFault)
            return fault;

        return NoFault;
    }
}

Fault
TLB::translateAtomic(const RequestPtr &req, ThreadContext *tc, Mode mode)
{
    bool delayed;
    return translate(req, tc, nullptr, mode, delayed);
}

void
TLB::translateTiming(const RequestPtr &req, ThreadContext *tc,
                     Translation *translation, Mode mode)
{
    bool delayed;
    assert(translation);
    Fault fault = translate(req, tc, translation, mode, delayed);
    if (!delayed)
        translation->finish(fault, req, tc, mode);
    else
        translation->markDelayed();
}

Fault
TLB::translateFunctional(const RequestPtr &req, ThreadContext *tc, Mode mode)
{
    const Addr vaddr = req->getVaddr();
    Addr paddr = vaddr;

    if (FullSystem) {
        TLB *tlb = dynamic_cast<TLB *>(tc->getDTBPtr());

        PrivilegeMode pmode = tlb->getMemPriv(tc, mode);
        SATP satp = tc->readMiscReg(MISCREG_SATP);
        if (pmode != PrivilegeMode::PRV_M &&
            satp.mode != AddrXlateMode::BARE) {
            Walker *walker = tlb->getWalker();
            unsigned logBytes;
            Fault fault = walker->startFunctional(
                    tc, paddr, logBytes, mode);
            if (fault != NoFault)
                return fault;

            Addr masked_addr = vaddr & mask(logBytes);
            paddr |= masked_addr;
        }
    }
    else {
        Process *process = tc->getProcessPtr();
        const auto *pte = process->pTable->lookup(vaddr);

        if (!pte && mode != Execute) {
            // Check if we just need to grow the stack.
            if (process->fixupFault(vaddr)) {
                // If we did, lookup the entry for the new page.
                pte = process->pTable->lookup(vaddr);
            }
        }

        if (!pte)
            return std::make_shared<GenericPageTableFault>(req->getVaddr());

        paddr = pte->paddr | process->pTable->pageOffset(vaddr);
    }

    DPRINTF(TLB, "Translated (functional) %#x -> %#x.\n", vaddr, paddr);
    req->setPaddr(paddr);
    return NoFault;
}

Fault
TLB::finalizePhysical(const RequestPtr &req,
                      ThreadContext *tc, Mode mode) const
{
    return NoFault;
}

void
TLB::serialize(CheckpointOut &cp) const
{
    // Only store the entries in use.
    uint32_t _size = size - freeList.size();
    SERIALIZE_SCALAR(_size);
    SERIALIZE_SCALAR(lruSeq);

    uint32_t _count = 0;
    for (uint32_t x = 0; x < size; x++) {
        if (tlb[x].trieHandle != NULL)
            tlb[x].serializeSection(cp, csprintf("Entry%d", _count++));
    }
}

void
TLB::unserialize(CheckpointIn &cp)
{
    // Do not allow to restore with a smaller tlb.
    uint32_t _size;
    UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(_size);
    if (_size > size) {
        fatal("TLB size less than the one in checkpoint!");
    }

    UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(lruSeq);

    for (uint32_t x = 0; x < _size; x++) {
        TlbEntry *newEntry = freeList.front();
        freeList.pop_front();

        newEntry->unserializeSection(cp, csprintf("Entry%d", x));
        Addr key = buildKey(newEntry->vaddr, newEntry->asid);
        newEntry->trieHandle = trie.insert(key,
            TlbEntryTrie::MaxBits - newEntry->logBytes, newEntry);
    }
}

void
TLB::regStats()
{
    BaseTLB::regStats();

    read_hits
        .name(name() + ".read_hits")
        .desc("DTB read hits")
        ;

    read_misses
        .name(name() + ".read_misses")
        .desc("DTB read misses")
        ;


    read_accesses
        .name(name() + ".read_accesses")
        .desc("DTB read accesses")
        ;

    write_hits
        .name(name() + ".write_hits")
        .desc("DTB write hits")
        ;

    write_misses
        .name(name() + ".write_misses")
        .desc("DTB write misses")
        ;


    write_accesses
        .name(name() + ".write_accesses")
        .desc("DTB write accesses")
        ;

    hits
        .name(name() + ".hits")
        .desc("DTB hits")
        ;

    misses
        .name(name() + ".misses")
        .desc("DTB misses")
        ;

    accesses
        .name(name() + ".accesses")
        .desc("DTB accesses")
        ;

    hits = read_hits + write_hits;
    misses = read_misses + write_misses;
    accesses = read_accesses + write_accesses;
}

RiscvISA::TLB *
RiscvTLBParams::create()
{
    return new TLB(this);
}